Peak Bone Mineral Density and Its Determinants in an Asian Indian Population

Data on peak bone mineral density (BMD) and its determinants in Asian Indians are limited. We studied the peak BMD and its determinants in Asian Indians. A total of 1137 young (age: 25-35 yr) healthy volunteers of either sex (558 men and 579 women) were recruited for dietary evaluation, analyses of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, and measurement of BMD with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In men and women, peak bone mass (PBM) at the femoral neck, femoral trochanter, total femur, and lumbar spine was achieved between 25 and 30 yr of age, whereas PBM at the femoral intertrochanter occurred between 30 and 35 yr of age. Peak BMD was lower than that of Caucasians by 15.2-21.1% in men and 14.4-20.6% in women. On stepwise multiple regression, height and weight were the most consistent predictors of BMD at all sites in both groups. In men, 25(OH)D positively predicted BMD at the hip, whereas in women, serum iPTH negatively predicted BMD at the femoral trochanter and total femur. The study concluded that Asian Indians have significantly lower peak BMD than Caucasians and that weight and height are the most consistent predictors of BMD at all sites in both men and women.