Role of cytokines in scleroderma: Use of animal models

Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors secreted by inflammatory cells and mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and myofibroblasts) play an important role in the fibrotic process of scleroderma. Animal models are important tools for achieving a better understanding of the pathophysiology of scleroderma. In this review, we summarize some of the current insights into the role of cytokines in human as well as animal models of scleroderma.