Activation and effector functions of human RORC+ innate lymphoid cells

Innate lymphoid cells expressing the nuclear hormone receptor RORC have emerged as important players in human mucosal immunity. These cells combine innate modes of activation such as Toll-like receptor signaling with secretion of adaptive effector molecules including IL-2, BAFF and the Th17 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. This endows these cells with the ability to rapidly respond to changes in cytokine milieu as well as changes in microbial composition and to affect both intestinal homeostasis and activation of adaptive immune cells.

► RORC expressing innate lymphoid cells are important for mucosal immunity.
► Innate lymphoid cells are activated by cytokines and TLR ligands.
► Innate lymphoid cell effector molecules include IL-22, IL-17, LT, IL-2 and BAFF.
► These cells have the capacity to impact innate and adaptive immunity.