Thymoproteasome Shapes Immunocompetent Repertoire of CD8+ T Cells

SummaryHow self-peptides displayed in the thymus contribute to the development of immunocompetent and self-protective T cells is largely unknown. In contrast, the role of thymic self-peptides in eliminating self-reactive T cells and thereby preventing autoimmunity is well established. A type of proteasome, termed thymoproteasome, is specifically expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells (cTECs) and is required for the generation of optimal cellularity of CD8+ T cells. Here, we show that cTECs displayed thymoproteasome-specific peptide-MHC class I complexes essential for the positive selection of major and diverse repertoire of MHC class I-restricted T cells. CD8+ T cells generated in the absence of thymoproteasomes displayed a markedly altered T cell receptor repertoire that was defective in both allogeneic and antiviral responses. These results demonstrate that thymoproteasome-dependent self-peptide production is required for the development of an immunocompetent repertoire of CD8+ T cells.

► cTEC display thymoproteasome-specific peptide-MHC class I complexes
► Thymoproteasome+ cTEC positively select major and diverse repertoire of CD8+ T cells
► CD8+ T cells generated without thymoproteasome fail to mount normal immune responses
► Thymoproteasome is essential for shaping self-protective repertoire of CD8+ T cells