Adjuvant effect of Bacillus firmus on the expression of cytokines and toll-like receptors in mouse nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) after intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus type A

▶ The immunization with a virus+DBF together promotes a strong activation of innate immunity. ▶ The immunization with the virus+DBF leads to an increased expression of genes characteristic for pDC (TLR-7, TLR-9 and CCR7) in the early time-points. ▶ The activation of pDC in the group immunized with the virus+DBF triggers a strong expression of type I. inteferons.