IFN-gamma AU-rich element removal promotes chronic IFN-gamma expression and autoimmunity in mice

• IFN-γ ARE removal stabilizes IFN-γ mRNA and results in chronic IFN-γ expression.
• IFN-γ enhances pDC development.
• Elevated IFN-γ coincides with MZB cell and MZM loss and lupus-like disease onset.

We generated a mouse model with a 162 nt AU-rich element (ARE) region deletion in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene that results in chronic circulating serum IFN-γ levels. Mice homozygous for the ARE deletion (ARE-Del) −/− present both serologic and cellular abnormalities typical of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ARE-Del−/− mice display increased numbers of pDCs in bone marrow and spleen. Addition of IFN-γ to Flt3-ligand (Flt3L) treated in vitro bone marrow cultures results in a 2-fold increase in pDCs with concurrent increases in IRF8 expression. Marginal zone B (MZB) cells and marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) are absent in ARE-Del−/− mice. ARE-Del+/− mice retain both MZB cells and MZMs and develop no or mild autoimmunity. However, low dose clodronate treatment in ARE-Del+/− mice specifically eliminates MZMs and promotes anti-DNA antibody development and glomerulonephritis. Our findings demonstrate the consequences of a chronic IFN-γ milieu on B220+ cell types and in particular the impact of MZB cell loss on MZM function in autoimmunity. Furthermore, similarities between disease states in ARE-Del−/− mice and SLE patients suggest that IFN-γ may not only be a product of SLE but may be critical for disease onset and progression.