Genetics and pathogenesis of coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is a common complex disease caused by a dietary intolerance to wheat gluten. Susceptibility is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. Coeliac disease results from complex interactions between the innate immune system, an adaptive T and B cell response and the mucosal barrier where inflammation is ultimately manifested. Genetic variants within the HLA region are well established, while variants outside of the HLA region have recently been identified. These variants are beginning to enhance our understanding of the immunology of the condition. This review focuses on the immunological pathogenesis of coeliac disease with special reference to the influence of genetic susceptibility on disease development.