Skin immune surveillance by T cells—A new order?

Although studies of the skin have provided fundamental models for innate and adaptive immune surveillance of body surfaces, there remains relatively little understanding of the role that epithelial cells play in sensing infection and/or organ dysfunction, and the pathways available to them to communicate with local and systemic immune cells. In particular, evidence is emerging for a novel stress response initiated by local lymphocytes, rather than dendritic cells, and based on their recognition of epithelial stress-induced antigens. Its consequences are to sustain tissue integrity by providing immunoprotection and novel modes of immunoregulation, whereas its dysregulation may promote body surface immunopathologies.