Résistance aux antibiotiques chez l'animal : quel risque pour l'Homme ?

In parallel with the frightening increase of antimicrobial resistance in humans worldwide, the dramatic reduction of new drugs in the antibiotic pipeline is a major reason for considering antibiotic usages irrelevant in animals. However, the issue is obviously complex. As exemplified by the current national program (EcoAntibio 2017), valuable results were already obtained in animals in France even though the medication of food animals cannot be totally banned. The outcomes of these measures become even more challenging in a context of growing international exchanges of humans, animals and food products, including from countries with low cautious use of antibiotics. This paper intends highlighting how antimicrobial use and resistance in animals may contribute to antimicrobial resistance in humans. The objective here is to clarify the links between two major reservoirs of resistance, which are, at the end, principally fed by their own antibiotic usages.