Production of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) antigen in Pichia pastoris

• A recombinant capsid protein (rp26) of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus was expressed in Pichia pastoris.
• The rp26 was evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test.
• EIAV rp26 protein was identified by OIE standard polyclonal antibody anti EIAV.
• This is the first report of EIAV p26 protein production in yeast cells.

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a persistent lentivirus infection of horses which causes a chronic clinical condition with worldwide importance in veterinary medicine. The p26 protein is usually prepared for use as an antigen in serological tests for EIA diagnosis since it is a well-conserved gene sequence and very immunogenic. In view of the ability of yeast to make post-translational modifications of proteins, this study was carried out to allow Pichia pastoris to be used for the expression of a synthetic codon-optimized EIAV p26 gene. The gene was cloned into pPICZαA vector after appropriate enzymatic digestion. P. pastoris clones transformed with the pPICZαAp26 construction were induced to produce the recombinant p26 protein (rp26) under the regulation of alcohol oxidase 1 promoter by adding methanol to the culture medium. The p26 gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and the production of rp26 was confirmed by dot blotting, Western blotting, ELISA and AGID. The P. pastoris expression system was capable of producing a functional EIAV p26 protein that can be used directly in the functionality tests without requiring laborious purification or recovery steps. This is the first reported study of EIAV p26 protein production in yeast cells.