Infection of human dendritic cells with recombinant vaccinia virus MVA reveals general persistence of viral early transcription but distinct maturation-dependent cytopathogenicity

Vector-infected dendritic cells (DC) are evaluated for antigen delivery in experimental therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Here, we investigated infections of immature or mature, monocyte-derived human DC with recombinant vaccinia virus MVA producing human Her-2/neu, a candidate tumor-associated antigen. Assessment of the molecular virus life cycle in infected DC revealed a general arrest at the level of viral early gene expression. When monitoring the phenotype of MVA-infected DC, including expression of cell surface markers, we found immature cells readily undergoing apoptosis. Nevertheless, we detected significant populations of viable DC being characterized by high level Her-2/neu expression and unimpaired display of costimulatory molecules. While infected viable immature DC failed to undergo maturation despite cytokine treatment, both DC populations efficiently presented MVA-produced target antigen. These findings allow to better define the requirements for MVA-mediated antigen delivery to DC and help to derive optimized vectors for this advanced therapy option.