Begomovirus genetic diversity in the native plant reservoir Solanum nigrum: evidence for the presence of a new virus species of recombinant nature

We examined the native plant host Solanum nigrum as reservoir of genetic diversity of begomoviruses that cause the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) emerging in southern Spain. Presence of isolates of all the species and strains found associated with TYLCD in this area was demonstrated. Mixed infections were common, which is a prerequisite for recombination to occur. In fact, presence of a novel recombinant begomovirus was demonstrated. Analysis of an infectious clone showed that it resulted from a genetic exchange between isolates of the ES strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus and of the type strain of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. The novel biological properties suggested that it is a step forward in the ecological adaptation to the invaded area. This recombinant represents an isolate of a new begomovirus species for which the name Tomato yellow leaf curl Axarquia virus is proposed. Spread into commercial tomatoes is shown.