کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
3430289 1594400 2008 18 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
RNase H activity: Structure, specificity, and function in reverse transcription
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری ایمنی شناسی و میکروب شناسی ویروس شناسی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
RNase H activity: Structure, specificity, and function in reverse transcription
چکیده انگلیسی

This review compares the well-studied RNase H activities of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) reverse transcriptases. The RNase H domains of HIV-1 and MoMLV are structurally very similar, with functions assigned to conserved subregions like the RNase H primer grip and the connection subdomain, as well as to distinct features like the C-helix and loop in MoMLV RNase H. Like cellular RNases H, catalysis by the retroviral enzymes appears to involve a two-metal ion mechanism. Unlike cellular RNases H, the retroviral RNases H display three different modes of cleavage: internal, DNA 3′ end-directed, and RNA 5′ end-directed. All three modes of cleavage appear to have roles in reverse transcription. Nucleotide sequence is an important determinant of cleavage specificity with both enzymes exhibiting a preference for specific nucleotides at discrete positions flanking an internal cleavage site as well as during tRNA primer removal and plus-strand primer generation. RNA 5′ end-directed and DNA 3′ end-directed cleavages show similar sequence preferences at the positions closest to a cleavage site. A model for how RNase H selects cleavage sites is presented that incorporates both sequence preferences and the concept of a defined window for allowable cleavage from a recessed end. Finally, the RNase H activity of HIV-1 is considered as a target for anti-virals as well as a participant in drug resistance.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Virus Research - Volume 134, Issues 1–2, June 2008, Pages 86–103
نویسندگان
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