Barriers to and Suggestions for a Healthful, Active Lifestyle as Perceived by Rural and Urban Costa Rican Adolescents

ObjectiveTo assess the perceptions of rural and urban Costa Rican adolescents regarding which barriers and motivators affect their adoption of an active lifestyle.DesignData were collected in focus group discussions.Participants108 male and female adolescents aged 12 to 18 from the 7th to 11th grades.SettingTwo urban and 1 rural high school in San José, Costa Rica.Phenomena of InterestActive lifestyle; barriers and motivators for active life.AnalysisData were reviewed for emerging themes, and themes were coded using content analysis procedures.ResultsMajor barriers: (a) physical education curriculum was focused on competitive sports; (b) lack of facilities in the school and community environments; (c) family did not provide good role models and reinforced the socially expected gender roles. Key motivators: (a) changed the physical education curriculum to focus on leisure and recreational activities; (b) increased the availability of facilities both in the school and in the community; and (c) provided a strong social support network.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe school, community, and family environments are potential targets for physical activity interventions for adolescents. Future studies should explore in depth the influence of adolescent socialization patterns (particularly for females) in the establishment of an active lifestyle.