Efficacy of periimplant mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of periimplant diseases among cigarette smokers and non-smokers

• There was no difference in bleeding on probing (BOP) among smokers in the test- and control groups at all time intervals.
• At 6-months of follow-up, probing depth (PD) was significantly lower in smokers in the test-group than the control-group.
• At 6-months of follow-up, BOP and PD were significantly lower in non-smokers in the test-group than the control-group.
• At 12 months of follow-up, BOP and PD were comparable among smokers and non-smokers in the test- and control-groups.
• Crestal bone loss was comparable among smokers and non-smokers in both groups at all time intervals.

ObjectiveThe aim was to assess the efficacy of mechanical debridement (MD) with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in reducing periimplant inflammation among cigarette-smokers and non-smokers.MethodsCigarette-smokers and non-smokers were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the test-group, participants underwent full mouth scaling and periimplant MD with adjunct aPDT; and in the control-group, the participants underwent full mouth scaling and periimplant MD alone. Periimplant bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured at baseline and at 6- and 12-months follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsEighty-four smokers (41 patients in the test group and 43 in the control group) and 82 non-smokers (40 patients in the test group and 42 in the control group) were included. Among smokers and non-smokers, periimplant PD was significantly higher in the control-group compared with the test-group (P < 0.05) at 6-months of follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in BOP, PD and CBL among smokers and non-smokers in the test- and control-groups at 12-months of follow-up. BOP was comparable among smokers at all time intervals.ConclusionIn the short-term, MD with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing periimplant probing depth than MD alone in smokers and non-smokers. However, in the long-term outcomes of MD either with or without aPDT among smokers and non-smokers are comparable.