Role of carbon dioxide angiography in management of below knee arterial lesions

IntroductionMany practitioners express concern about the adequacy of imaging using CO2 in the lower extremities, particularly in the distribution of the popliteal artery and below (5). Published results have varied considerably with respect to the validity of imaging this anatomy.ObjectivesReview our experience with CO2 angiography using CO2 angioset in evaluation and intervention of below knee arteries.Patients and methodsForty patients with lower limb ischemia were divided into two groups. The 1st group has normal kidney function, subjected to angiography with CO2 and water soluble contrast media (WSCM) as the reference standard (control). The 2nd group has subjected only to CO2 angiography due to one or more risk factors related to WSCM. CO2 angioset is a dedicated CO2 injection system used in all patients. In the 1st group; imaging findings on CO2 and WSCM angiography were compared while in the 2nd group; findings were compared with the post procedure clinical and color Doppler findings.ResultsAll arterial lesions detected on CO2 angiography were comparable to those obtained with WSCM in the control group. In the 2nd group; post procedure clinical and Doppler findings correlated well with angiographic findings and angioplasty results. CO2 angiography images have lower resolution compared to WSCM however, they were reliable for accurate diagnosis and to guide angioplasty.ConclusionCO2 angiography using CO2 angioset is considered a reliable alternate to WSCM in assessment of below knee arteries and provides a reliable roadmap to interventional procedures.