Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases: Follow-up and complications with multi-detector computed tomography angiography

Endovascular procedures with placement of stent-graft has become an accepted alternative to traditional open surgery for treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms, ulcers, post-traumatic rupture, or complications of type-B dissection, due to significant reduction in perioperative mortality, rate of complications and length of hospitalization. Moreover, increasing operator experience and continuous advances in stent-graft technology are making treatment of a wider range of cases possible with redefinition of guidelines for endovascular stent-graft. The feasibility of endovascular stent-graft is mainly dependent on anatomic factors which represent the important predictors of the success of this procedure as well as on strictly follow-up in order to obtain early detection and treatment of eventual complications.Multi-detector CT-angiography is a fast, safe, and minimally invasive imaging technique that represents the standard of reference in the follow-up of patients who have undergone endovascular stent-graft, as it is effective and specific in the detection of procedure-correlated complications.The purpose of this article is to give a brief review of those techniques most commonly used for endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic diseases together with a more detailed description of post-procedural complications and their appearance on multi-detector CT-angiography.