Catecholamine Surge during Image-Guided Ablation of Adrenal Gland Metastases: Predictors, Consequences, and Recommendations for Management

Patients at high risk of catecholamine surge during ablation of non-hormonally active adrenal metastases can be identified by the presence of normal adrenal tissue and tumor diameter ≤ 4.5 cm on pre-procedure CT or MR imaging.