Effectiveness of Collateral Vein Embolization for Salvage of Immature Native Arteriovenous Fistulas

Coil embolization of competing collateral vessels as a salvage treatment for nonfunctioning autologous AVFs is a viable treatment option in the majority of patients. Patients with radiocephalic fistulae may be at higher risk for primary fistula failure, but the present data are inconclusive.