Evolution of Shear Stress, Protein Expression, and Vessel Area in an Animal Model of Arterial Dilatation in Hemodialysis Grafts

The wall shear stress of the grafted artery peaks by day 3, with increased MMP-2 activity by days 7-14, followed by increase pro-MMP-9 and active MMP-9 by day 14. In addition, the vessel area nearly doubled.