Evaluation of Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene-covered Stents for the Treatment of Venous Outflow Stenosis in Hemodialysis Access Grafts

Overall, the majority of deployed stent-grafts lost primary patency within 6 months, with thrombosis a major cause of failure. However, the addition of a heparin-coated surface appeared to improve results in these otherwise treatment-refractory access circuits.