The Effects of Freezing versus Supercooling on Vascular Cells: Implications for Balloon Cryoplasty

Freezing results in decreased viability and increased apoptosis compared to supercooling in both cell lines. Smooth muscle cells appear more susceptible to freezing. The biologic effects of freezing on vascular cells may elucidate the mechanisms behind the enhanced patency after cryoplasty of atherosclerotic lesions.