Neuroprotective effect of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 against transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats

► We investigated the neuroprotective effect of 20(R)-Rg3 against transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. ► 20(R)-Rg3 alleviated neurological deficit and decreased the volume of infarction. ► 20(R)-Rg3 significantly decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. ► 20(R)-Rg3 reduced the expressions of calpain I and caspase-3 mRNA. ► 20(R)-Rg3 could protect brain against injury induced by cerebral ischemia in rats.