Insecticide residues in cotton soils of Burkina Faso and effects of insecticides on fluctuating asymmetry in honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus)

► Three months after application, acetamiprid and cypermethrin were undetected in soils. ► Profenofos was more persistent in vertisol than in lixisol. ► Profenofos concentrations were higher in new cotton fields than in old cotton fields. ► FA level in the length of hind wing increases for bees exposed to insecticides. ► No significant change was observed on other traits between treated and control bees.