Characteristics of the ambient particulate PAHs at Seoul, a mega city of Northeast Asia in comparison with the characteristics of a background site

To identify the ambient characteristics of a mega city in Northeast Asia, the particulate PAHs in TSP were measured for 18 months at Seoul, the capital of Korea. The average concentration of the ambient particulate PAHs at Seoul for the sampling period was 26.6 ± 28.4 ng m− 3 with the range from 1.57 to 166 ng m− 3. It showed winter maxima and summer minimum mainly due to the increased fuel consumption in winter both at Seoul and Northeast Asia. The ambient level of PAHs in Seoul was lower than the cities in China but higher than other urban areas. The stronger relationship between the ambient particulate PAHs concentrations and the inverse of the ambient temperature (1/T) at Seoul compared to Gosan, a background site in Korea and the difference of the distributions of BeP/BaP ratios at Seoul and Gosan might be due to the characteristics of Seoul which was governed by both transport from outside and local emissions. The relationship between the particulate PAHs concentration and (1/T) can be used as an indicator for those two factors for Seoul.