کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
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4484072 | 1316908 | 2010 | 11 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
![عکس صفحه اول مقاله: Source and occurrence of particulate lead in tap water Source and occurrence of particulate lead in tap water](/preview/png/4484072.png)
Lead samples were collected at the tap from homes with lead service lines (LSLs) in a full-scale utility using both random daytime (RDT) and particulate stimulation sampling (PSS) protocols. Analysis of the results revealed two sources and occurrences of particulate lead. A first source is due to corrosion of lead-bearing elements in the premise plumbing (PP) and occurs mostly at low to moderate concentrations <3 μg/L, with some sporadic higher concentrations (4–12 μg/L). These spikes were consistently observed and considerably increased using PSS, showing that current sampling protocols may miss a significant portion of particulate lead. The second source results from the adsorption of dissolved lead onto iron deposits in LSL/PP, and is continuously present at low to moderate concentrations. Statistical analyses were validated by physical analyses of: (i) lead scales from LSLs; and (ii) lead particles from tap aerators.
Journal: Water Research - Volume 44, Issue 12, June 2010, Pages 3734–3744