Spatially explicit neutral models for population genetics and community ecology: Extensions of the Neyman–Scott clustering process

Spatially explicit models relating to plant populations have developed little since Felsenstein (1975) pointed out that if limited seed dispersal causes clustering of individuals, such models cannot reach an equilibrium. This paper aims to resolve this issue by modifying the Neyman–Scott cluster point process. The new point processes are dynamic models with random immigration, and the continuous increase in the clustering of individuals stops at some level. Hence, an equilibrium state is achieved, and new individual-based spatially explicit neutral coalescent models are established. By fitting the spatial structure at equilibrium to individual spatial distribution data, we can indirectly estimate seed dispersal and effective population density. These estimates are improved when genetic data are available, and become even more sophisticated if spatial distribution and genetic data pertaining to the offspring are also available.