Monitoring of carbamate and organophosphate resistance levels in Nilaparvata lugens based on bioassay and quantitative sequencing

► N. lugens field populations showed resistance to carbamates and organophosphates. ► A quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol was established for resistance monitoring. ► Nlace1 mutation frequencies were correlated with actual resistance levels using QS. ► The F331H and I332L mutations revealed a moderate correlation with resistance levels.