Quick method for grouper species identification using real-time PCR

► Real-time PCR primer pairs and a probe were designed according to the sequence of COI gene. ► COI amplification was only observed in 10 groupers but not the other 30 fish species. ► The detection limit is 0.01%-1% for 10 grouper species respectively. ► In 41 grouper fillet and surimi samples from markets and restaurants, the results were in agreement with declarations.