Deriving thrust fault slip rates from geological modeling: Examples from the Marche coastal and offshore contraction belt, Northern Apennines, Italy

We present a reconstruction of the central Marche thrust system in the central-northern Adriatic domain aimed at constraining the geometry of the active faults deemed to be potential sources of moderate to large earthquakes in this region and at evaluating their long-term slip rates. This system of contractional structures is associated with fault-propagation folds outcropping along the coast or buried in the offshore that have been active at least since about 3 Myr. The ongoing deformation of the coastal and offshore Marche thrust system is associated with moderate historical and instrumental seismicity and recorded in sedimentary and geomorphic features. In this study, we use subsurface data coming from both published and original sources. These comprise cross-sections, seismic lines, subsurface maps and borehole data to constrain geometrically coherent local 3D geological models, with particular focus on the Pliocene and Pleistocene units. Two sections crossing five main faults and correlative anticlines are extracted to calculate slip rates on the driving thrust faults. Our slip rate calculation procedure includes a) the assessment of the onset time which is based on the sedimentary and structural architecture, b) the decompaction of clastic units where necessary, and c) the restoration of the slip on the fault planes. The assessment of the differential compaction history of clastic rocks eliminates the effects of compaction-induced subsidence which determine unwanted overestimation of slip rates. To restore the displacement along the analyzed structures, we use two different methods on the basis of the deformation style: the fault parallel flow algorithm for faulted horizons and the trishear algorithm for fault-propagation folds. The time of fault onset ranges between 5.3 and 2.2 Myr; overall the average slip rates of the various thrusts are in the range of 0.26–1.35 mm/yr.

► We built a 3D geological model of the Umbria–Marche coastal and offshore belt.
► Restored deformation using fault parallel flow, unfold and trishear.
► Particular focus on Pliocene and Pleistocene horizons.
► Reconstructed the onset age of thrusting constrained to 5.3–2.2 Myr.
►  Calculated slip rate for the Plio-Pleistocene in the range 0.26–1.35 mm/yr.