Hall current and MHD effects on heat transfer over an unsteady stretching permeable surface with thermal radiation

The influence of Hall current and thermal radiation on flow and heat transfer characteristics in a viscous fluid over an unsteady stretching permeable surface is studied in this paper. The unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields is because of the time-dependent stretching velocity and surface temperature. Similarity transformations are used to convert the governing time dependent nonlinear boundary layer equations for momentum and thermal energy to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved numerically by applying shooting method using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method and analytically by differential transform method with Padé approximants (DTM-Padé). Comparison of the numerical results and analytical solutions (based on DTM-Padé approximant) is made with the earlier published results. The effects of the unsteadiness parameter, thermal radiation, Hall effects, suction/injection parameter and non-uniform heat source/sink parameter on flow and heat transfer characteristics as well as on the local Nusselt number are shown graphically.