“They are so much more capable than what we really allow”: Inclusive beliefs, practices, and textbook use

In this qualitative study I researched how five fifth-grade teachers' beliefs in student capabilities influenced their curricular decision-making in daily activities with the History Alive! textbook. Students in the classrooms had reading levels 4-5 grades above and below grade level and included students with mild high-incidence disabilities. For four teachers, their strong beliefs determined what they did on a daily basis and matched the stated goals of the History Alive! textbook. For one teacher, the relationship was less clear. Three areas of beliefs emerged from observations and interviews, including: 1) beliefs about students' capabilities in reading, 2) beliefs about students' individual differences in learning, and 3) beliefs about students' responsibility. Findings include when teachers believed and could articulate strong beliefs about the capability of students to read, write, and participate in collaborative activities, they designed classroom activities and assessments so that all students could learn from and participate in social studies activities. When teachers' beliefs about student capabilities aligned with Teachers' Curriculum Institute׳s principles for inclusive classrooms, classroom practices reflected those beliefs and textbooks supported their practices.