Platinum-based ternary catalysts for low temperature fuel cells: Part I. Preparation methods and structural characteristics

Pt-based ternary catalysts have been proposed as electrode materials for low temperature fuel cells. Pt–Ru-based ternary catalysts were tested as anode materials with improved CO tolerance or enhanced activity for methanol or ethanol oxidation. Ternary catalysts based on platinum alloyed with first row transition metals were tested as cathode materials with improved activity for the oxygen reduction. This paper presents an overview of the preparation methods and structural characteristics of these ternary catalysts.