Process integration of waste heat upgrading technologies

Technologies such as mechanical heat pumps, absorption heat pumps and absorption heat transformers allow low-temperature waste heat to be upgraded to higher temperatures. This work develops a comprehensive Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) to integrate such technologies into existing process sites. The framework considers interactions with the associated cogeneration system (in order to exploit end-uses of upgraded heat within the system and determine their true value), temperature and quantity of waste heat sources and of sinks for the heat upgraded as well as process economics and the potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The methodology is applied to an industrially relevant case study. Integration of heat upgrading technologies has potential to reduce total costs by 23%. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to illustrate the effect of changing capital costs and energy prices on the results, and demonstrate the model functionality.