ReviewToward a better understanding on the role of prediction error on memory processes: From bench to clinic

- Prediction error is the driven-force for memory acquisition and reconsolidation.
- Proteasome, CAMKII, NR2B NMDA receptor are involved in memory destabilization.
- Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Acetylcholine are involved in labilization.
- Prediction error minimization strategies are crucial in psychiatry disorders.

Experimental psychology defines Prediction Error (PE) as a mismatch between expected and current events. It represents a unifier concept within the memory field, as it is the driving force of memory acquisition and updating. Prediction error induces updating of consolidated memories in strength or content by memory reconsolidation. This process has two different neurobiological phases, which involves the destabilization (labilization) of a consolidated memory followed by its restabilization. The aim of this work is to emphasize the functional role of PE on the neurobiology of learning and memory, integrating and discussing different research areas: behavioral, neurobiological, computational and clinical psychiatry.