Development of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers with double templates for the rapid and selective determination of amphenicol antibiotics in water, blood, and egg samples

- A magnetic mesoporous dual-template MIP was synthesised and characterised.
- The magnetic DMIP shows good adsorption capacity and selectivity for CAP and FF.
- The magnetic DMIP used as absorbents for M-MISPE of trace amphenicol antibiotics.
- The M-MISPE approach was proven to be rapid, selective, sensitive, and reliable.

A magnetic mesoporous dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@mSiO2 @DMIP) with a specific recognition capability for chloramphenicol (CAP) and florfenicol (FF) was synthesised. CAP and FF were used as dual-template molecules, α-methacrylic acid and Fe3O4@mSiO2@-CHCH2 as dual functional monomers, and ethylene glycol dimethyl methacrylate as a crosslinking agent. For comparison, a magnetic mesoporous non-molecularly imprinted polymer (Fe3O4@mSiO2@NIP) was also prepared using the same synthesis procedure, but without the dual templates. The prepared polymers were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorption experiments. Results indicated that both the Fe3O4@mSiO2@DMIP and the Fe3O4@mSiO2 @NIP were microspherical nanoparticles, and the surface of the Fe3O4@mSiO2@DMIP was rougher than that of the Fe3O4@mSiO2@NIP. In addition, the prepared Fe3O4@mSiO2@DMIP possessed a higher adsorption capacity and better selectivity for CAP and FF than the Fe3O4@mSiO2@NIP. The maximum static adsorption capacities of the Fe3O4@mSiO2@ DMIP for CAP and FF were 146.5 and 190.1 mg g−1, respectively, whereas those of the Fe3O4@mSiO2 @NIP were 50.0 and 44.0 mg g−1, respectively. The obtained Fe3O4@mSiO2@DMIP particles were applied as a magnetic solid-phase extraction sorbent for the rapid and selective extraction of CAP, FF, and thiamphenicol (TAP) in water, chicken blood and egg samples. The method of magnetic molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (M-MISPE) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) was conducted to detect CAP, FF, and TAP. The limits of detection for CAP, FF, and TAP were 0.16, 0.08, and 0.08 μg kg−1, respectively. The average recovery and precision values for the spiked water, chicken blood, and egg samples ranged from 88.3% to 99.1% and 2.7% to 7.9%, respectively. Given its rapidity, selectivity, and sensitivity, the developed method of M-MISPE coupled to HPLC-UV detection has good application prospects in environmental, biological, and food samples.