Convenient synthesis of functionalized 4,4′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridine with extended π-system for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Based on the Horner-Emmons-Wadsworth reaction, a convenient synthetic route for the extension of the π-system on 4,4′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridines was used to develop a novel series of functionalized ligands for DSC applications.