Application of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to electronic structure measurements for various functional materials

► High-resolution hard X-ray photoemission has been developed at BL15XU of SPring-8. ► ZnO single crystal showed a polarity dependence on the valence band spectrum. ► Mn doped titania nanosheets showed the mixed-valence states for the doped Mn ions. ► The interface electronic structure of Pt/HfO2/Pt was studied under device operation. ► Bulk and interface valence band structures of MgO/Co2MnSi were similar each other.