Solubility and thermodynamic analysis of sinapic acid in various neat solvents at different temperatures

In this research work, the solubilities of sinapic acid (SA) were determined in eleven different neat solvents including water, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), 1-butanol, 2-butanol, ethyl acetate (EA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) and Transcutol at five different temperatures (T = 298.15 K to 318.15 K) and atmospheric pressure. Experimental solubilities expressed in mole fraction of SA were correlated well with Apelblat and van't Hoff models. The solubility expressed in mole fraction of SA was recorded highest in DMSO (1.59 × 10− 1 at T = 318.15 K) followed by PEG-400, Transcutol, ethanol, EA, EG, PG, 2-butanol, 1-butanol, IPA and water. The results of thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic and entropy-driven dissolution of SA in most of the neat solvents investigated.