Water phases under high electric field and pressure applied simultaneously

The rigorous equation of state of an open system containing water in an electric field above 108 V m− 1 under pressure applied in the range 10− 4 ≤ Po ≤ 0.8 GPa leads to phase diagrams with two possible kinds of phase transitions at 293 K. The first one is the discontinuous phase transition under pressure applied in the range 10− 4 ≤ Po ≤ 0.05 GPa in the Π, σ coordinates (Π is the electrostriction pressure and σ denotes the surface charge density at an adjacent charged surface). The second one represents the continuous phase transition under pressure applied in the range 10− 4 ≤ Po ≤ 0.8 GPa; it occurs at higher values of σ than the former one.