Cage disorder and gas encapsulation as routes to tailor properties of inorganic clathrates

Inorganic clathrates with the type II crystal structure are of interest as potential materials for high temperature thermoelectric applications. In this study we present ab initio calculations for the electronic and phonon properties of several Sn type II clathrate compositions with partial Ga substitution on the framework, empty cage Sn136, and compounds of Sn136 filled with inert Xe atoms. It is found that cage disorder due to atomic substitution and guest encapsulation affect the fundamental characteristics of these materials in profound ways. We determine that the stability of these materials is enhanced by the presence of guests and lack of direct GaGa bonds in disordered clathrates. Inert Xe atoms provide a unique opportunity to preserve the overall electronic structure of Sn136 and take advantage of the loosely bound guest rattling for enhanced phonon scattering. The calculated energy bands and density of states, as well as phonon band structure and mode Gruneisen parameter, enable further analysis of type II Sn clathrates and reveal interesting structure-property relations.

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