A novel avian retrovirus associated with lymphocytoma isolated from a local Chinese flock induced significantly reduced growth and immune suppression in SPF chickens

Avian Leukosis Viruses (ALVs) are associated with neoplasias, immune suppression and reduced performance in chicken flocks. In the present study, a naturally occurring recombinant strain of ALV (FJ15HT0) was isolated from an infected flock of Chinese “Hetian” chickens, and was subsequently identified as an exogenous ALV by immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA), PCR and following entire proviral DNA nucleotide sequencing. This isolate is revealed as a novel recombinant virus, lacking viral oncogenes, with the gp85 (93.4%) of subgroup B, the U3 (92.1%) and R (95.2%) region of subgroup J, the U5 (93.8%) region and 5′UTR (95.7%) of subgroup C, as well as the gp37 (90.6%) and 3′ (92.2%) of ALV-E. The simulative congenital infection with this isolate in SPF chickens resulted in significant weight loss (P < 0.05) and a significant reduction in the humoral immune response to the live NDV vaccine (P < 0.05), but not to the inactive AIV-H5 vaccine (P > 0.05). Foci of lymphocytomas were observed in tissues of congenitally infected chickens at 11 weeks post-hatch, demonstrating the acute oncogenicity of the isolate.