Assessing Mitral Valve Area and Orifice Geometry in Calcific Mitral Stenosis: A New Solution by Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

RT3D provides an accurate measurement of MVA in CaMS. In contrast with the doming valve shape present in RhMS, the limiting anatomic orifice area occurs at the annulus in CaMS as measured by RT3D and reflects the effective orifice area as present in a tubular valve geometry.