Integrating immunometabolism and macrophage diversity

- Metabolic programming can dictate macrophage effector function.
- Macrophages of distinct origin can have unique metabolic responses to classical activation.
- Nitric oxide modulates mitochondrial function during inflammation.
- Baseline metabolic programming is divergent amongst tissue resident macrophage populations.

Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular metabolism are important determinants of macrophage function and phenotype. At the same time, our appreciation of macrophage diversity in vivo has also been increasing. Factors such as cell origin and tissue localization are now recognized as important variables that influence macrophage biology. Whether different macrophage populations also have unique metabolic phenotypes has not been extensively explored. In this article, we will discuss the importance of understanding how macrophage origin can modulate metabolic programming and influence inflammatory responses.