Characterization of badnaviruses infecting Dioscorea spp. in the Pacific reveals two putative novel species and the first report of dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2

The complete genome sequences of three new badnaviruses associated with yam (Dioscorea spp.) originating from Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Samoa were determined following rolling circle amplification of the virus genomes. The full-length genomes consisted of a single molecule of circular double-stranded DNA of 8106 bp for isolate FJ14, 7871 bp for isolate PNG10 and 7426 bp for isolate SAM01. FJ14 and PNG10 contained three open reading frames while SAM01 had an additional open reading frame which partially overlapped the 3′ end of ORF 3. Amino acid sequence analysis of ORF 3 from the three isolates confirmed the presence of conserved motifs typical of other badnaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the sequences to be closely related to other Dioscorea-infecting badnaviruses. FJ14 and PNG10 appear to be new species, which we have tentatively named dioscorea bacilliform ES virus (DBESV) and dioscorea bacilliform AL virus 2 (DBALV2), respectively, while SAM01 represents a Pacific isolate of the recently published dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2 and is described as dioscorea bacilliform RT virus 2-[4RT] (DBRTV2-[4RT]).