Programmed Cell Death Ligand (PD-L1) Expression in Stage II and III Lung Adenocarcinomas and Nodal Metastases

PD-L1 expression is associated with abundant intratumoral CD8-positive T cells in resected ADCs, suggesting a predictive role of PD-L1 expression in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies; however, the possible intertumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression raises a concern about selecting the most appropriate sample for PD-L1 IHC.