Comparative study evaluating the efficiency of cooled and uncooled single-treatment MWA in thyroid nodules after a 3-month follow up

- cMWA and uMWA both lead to a significant reduction of thyroid nodule volume.
- Patient pain level during uMWA is significantly higher than during cMWA.
- cMWA reduces the risk of side effects.
- Single-treatment session shows comparable results to multiple treatment sessions.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of single-treatment cooled and uncooled microwave ablation in thyroid nodules.MethodsEighteen patients (11 women) with an average age of 62 years (range: 41-80) with 18 cold, mainly solid or solid thyroid nodules were treated with cooled or uncooled microwave ablation. Pain during the treatment was measured on a 10-point score. Side effects revealed by ultrasound or patients' complaints were documented. Laboratory data was evaluated before, 24 h and three months after MWA. Nodule volumes were measured before and three months after MWA.ResultsCooled MWA was better tolerated than uncooled MWA. A significant reduction of thyroid nodule volume was observed in all cases. The reduction after cMWA was higher (40%) than after uMWA (29%). Pain intensity during cMWA was significantly lower than after uMWA. CMWA and uMWA led to a significant decrease of nodule blood circulation and echogenicity and to a significant increase of nodule elasticity. Thyroid function remained intact in all cases. The energy (kJ/s) administered into the nodules in relation to the ablation time during cMWA was higher than during uMWA.ConclusionsCMWA leads to a slightly higher but statistically not significant nodule volume reduction than uMWA. Patient comfort during cMWA is higher than during uMWA. The risk of unintended side effects is less in cMWA. A Single-treatment provides sufficient results.