Anti-Salmonella activity and probiotic trends of Kluyveromyces marxianus S-2-05 and Kluyveromyces lactis S-3-05 isolated from a French cheese, Tomme d'Orchies

Kluyveromyces marxianus S-2-05 and Kluyveromyces lactis S-3-05 were recently isolated from a traditional French cheese, Tomme d'Orchies, and characterized here for their advantages using a different application perspective. First, we established their anti-Salmonella activity and downregulation of the virulence sopD gene of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, mainly in the presence of K. marxianus S-2-05. In addition to their antagonism, these non-Saccharomyces yeasts were able to survive under conditions mimicking the gastrointestinal environment and to form biofilms on an abiotic device such as polystyrene. These strains also displayed highly hydrophilic cell wall surfaces properties and capacity for adhesion to intestinal Caco-2 cells, thus enhancing their potential as probiotic strains.