Change in some biochemical and bioactive properties and essential oil composition of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) varieties from Turkey

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), is a specific species for Mediterranean region and it is cultivated for several purposes such as medicinal, cooking and cosmetic. Coriander seed oil is widely used in the food, health, cosmetics, soft drinks and chocolate industries all around of the world. Coriander essential oil is also utilised by the humans in terms of its medicinal properties traditionally. The present study was aimed to investigate some biochemical and bioactive properties of the coriander samples. Besides, four different varieties from Turkey (Arslan, Gamze, Gürbüz, Erbaa) were compared in the study. The highest crude oil content (COC) was calculated for the Gamze cultivar. The highest amounts of calcium, magnesium, sulphur, copper and boron were determined in the Gamze cultivar while the lowest values were for the Arslan one. The significant variation was observed in mineral contents of seed and seed oil samples. Petroselinic acid was the major fatty acid for all coriander cultivars. The lowest antiradical activity was found in the Erbaa cultivar and the highest amount of total phenolic compounds was for the Arslan cultivar. This study is the first report about biochemical and bioactive properties of the four coriander varieties from Turkey.