Digital soil morphometrics of krotovinas in a deep Alfisol derived from loess in Shenyang, China

- Spatial distribution of krotovinas was quantified (7-17% of the soil profile wall)
- About 8% of the SOC stock in the soil profile was stored in the krotovinas
- SOC stocks should include krotovinas and SOC stored in the soil below 1 m

Krotovinas, burrows of small mammals, occur widely in the soils of the steppes. The distribution and effect of krotovinas on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were studied in a deep profile (450 cm) at an archaeological site of the Palaeolithic period at Shenyang Agricultural University of China. It was found krotovinas occurred at all depths, and there was variation in their distribution and size. The density of krotovinas increased with depth, and was the highest (10/m2) at 250 cm depth. The average area of krotovinas' sections in most part of the profile ranged from 100 to 160 cm2. Krotovinas covered an area of 7 to 17% of the profile wall. Average SOC concentration in the krotovinas was 5.3 g/kg, whereas it was 4.5 g/kg in the surrounding soil matrix. SOC stocks at 100 to 450 cm accounted for 72% of total SOC stocks at 0 to 450 cm depth. Total SOC stock in the whole profile (0 to 450 cm) was 295 t/ha considering the presence of krotovinas, whereas it was 274 t/ha when the krotovinas were excluded. This study shows how krotovinas can be quantified, and that krotovinas can affect SOC concentration and change patterns of SOC distribution. The amount of SOC stored in deep soils should be taken into consideration for evaluating SOC stocks.